Georgia Institute of Technology College of Sciences

There has been a recent interest in studying surfaces of infinite type, i.e. surfaces with infinitely-generated fundamental groups. In this talk, we will focus on their mapping class groups, often called big mapping class groups. In contrast to the finite-type case, there are many open questions regarding the basic algebraic and topological properties of big mapping class groups. I will discuss several such questions and provide some answers.

I will talk about homomorphisms between surface braid groups. Firstly, we will see that any surjective homomorphism from PB_n(S) to PB_m(S) factors through a forgetful map. Secondly, we will compute the automorphism group of PB_n(S). It turns out to be the mapping class group when n>1.

Certain fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds admit a layered veering triangulation, which can be constructed algorithmically given the stable lamination of the monodromy. These triangulations were introduced by Agol in 2011, and have been further studied by several others in the years since. We present experimental results which shed light on the combinatorial structure of veering triangulations, and its relation to certain topological invariants of the underlying manifold.

We give a simple geometric criterion for an element to normally generate the mapping class group of a surface. As an application of this criterion, we show that when a surface has genus at least 3, every periodic mapping class except for the hyperelliptic involution normally generates. We also give examples of pseudo-Anosov elements that normally generate when genus is at least 2, answering a question of D. Long.

This is joint work with Hyam Rubinstein. Matveev and Piergallini independently show that the set of triangulations of a three-manifold is connected under 2-3 and 3-2 Pachner moves, excepting triangulations with only one tetrahedron. We give a more direct proof of their result which (in work in progress) allows us to extend the result to triangulations of four-manifolds.

Defined in the early 2000's by Ozsvath and Szabo, Heegaard Floer homology is a package of invariants for three-manifolds, as well as knots inside of them. In this talk, we will describe how work from Poul Heegaard's 1898 PhD thesis, namely the idea of a Heegaard splitting, relates to the definition of this invariant. We will also provide examples of the kinds of questions that Heegaard Floer homology can answer. These ideas will be the subject of the topics course that I am teaching in Fall 2017.

Continuing from last time, we will discuss Hilden and Montesinos' result that every smooth closed oriented three manifold is a three fold branched cover over the three sphere, and also there is a representation by bands.